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| Taxon: | Physocarpus opulifolius |
| Title: | A study of the distribution of Physocarpus opulifolius and 2 geometrids feeding on it |
| Publication Title: | Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society |
| Author(s): | McGuffin, W.C. |
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| Publisher: | |
| Publication Type: | Journal/Magazine Articles |
| Volume: | 31 (4) |
| Year: | 1977 |
| Pages: | 269-274 |
| Document Link: | |
| Abstract: | This study deals with the distributions of Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. and 2 geometrids feeding on this shrub: Itame abruptata (Walker) and Eulithis molliculata (Walker). |
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| Title: | Ecdysteroid antagonists (cucurbitacins) from Physocarpus opulifolius (Rosaceae) |
| Publication Title: | Phytochemistry |
| Author(s): | Sarker, Satyajit D.; Whiting, Pensri; Sik, Vladimir; Dinan, Laurence |
| Edition: | |
| Publisher: | |
| Publication Type: | Journal/Magazine Articles |
| Volume: | 50 (7) |
| Year: | 1999 |
| Pages: | 1123-1128 |
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| Abstract: | Methanolic extracts of seeds of 4 species in the genus Physocarpus antagonise the action of the insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone on a Drosophila melanogaster permanent cell line. The active components in the extract of P. opulifolius (ninebark) have been identified as cucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin F and 3-epi-isocucurbitacin D. The potencies of the individual cucurbitacins have been determined as 5 X 10-7, 8 X 10-7 and 7 X 10-6 M, respectively (versus 5 X 10-8 M 20-hydroxyecdysone). The distribution of antagonistic activity in plants of P. opulifolius has been assessed and HPLC/bioassay has been used to determine the chromatographic profiles of antagonist activity in parts of the growing plant. |
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| Title: | Evaluation of the hardiness and growth of deciduous ornamental shrubs |
| Publication Title: | Canadian Journal of Plant Science |
| Author(s): | Richer, Leclerc C.; Rioux, J.A.; Lapointe, D.; Cote, J.; Guillemette, L.; Drapeau, R.; Auger, M.; Fortin, M. |
| Edition: | |
| Publisher: | |
| Publication Type: | Journal/Magazine Articles |
| Volume: | 74 (3) |
| Year: | 1994 |
| Pages: | 615-622 |
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| Abstract: | The winter hardiness and growth potential of 10 cultivars of deciduous shrubs were evaluated to determine their adaptability to climatic conditions. Plants were grown at eight sites in Quebec and at one site in northeastern Ontario (zones 2, 4 and 5). Cornus alba 'Argenteo-Marginata' and 'Sibirica', Lonicera korolkowii var. Zabelli, Lonicera korolkowii var. morrowii, Lonicera x xylosteoides 'Clavey's Dwarf', Physocarpus opulifolius, Physocarpus opulifolius 'Aureus' and 'Nanus', Salix purpurea 'Nana' and Salix elaeagnos were used. Comus alba 'Sibirica' and L. x xylosteoides 'Clavey's Dwarf were not affected by winter conditions at any of the sites, whereas species. None of the 10 species could be grown commercially in zone 2a. Growth of S. purpurea 'Nana', S. elaeagnos and P. opulifolius 'Aureus' was limited in zones 4b and 5. The hardiness zones of the 10 species were made more precise, established or modified. |
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| Title: | Growth responses of several plant species to mycorrhizae in a soil of moderate phosphorus fertility 1. mycorrhizal dependency under field conditions |
| Publication Title: | Plant and Soil |
| Author(s): | Plenchette, C.; Fortin, J.A.; Furlan, V. |
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| Publication Type: | Journal/Magazine Articles |
| Volume: | 70 (2) |
| Year: | 1983 |
| Pages: | 199-210 |
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| Abstract: | The growth of 20 plant species [cabbage, Brassica oleracea L.; carrot, Daucus carota L.; common ninebark, Physocarpus opulifolius L. Maxim; currant, Ribes alpinum L.; Fababean, Vicia faba L.; garden beet, Beta vulgaris L.; garden pea, Pisum ativum L.; kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.; leek, Allium porrum L.; marigold, Tagetes patulus L.; oat, Avena sativa L.; pepper, Capsicum frutescens L.; potato, Solanum tuberosum L.; purple leaf sand cherry, Salix purpurea L.; spirea, Spiraea bumalda L.; sweet corn, Zea mays L., tartarian honeysuckle, Lonicera tatarica L.; tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.; and wheat, Triticum aestivum L.] was compared under field conditions in a methyl bromide fumigated and non-fumigated soil. The non-fumigated soil had a wild endomycorrhizal flora and contained 100 .mu.g/g of available P. No P. was added to the soil but both fumigated and non-fumigated plots received a basal fertilization of 100 kg/ha N-NH4NO3 and 100 kg/ha K-KCl. Based on plant growth responses, 3 groups of plants were distinguishable. Plants from group I were mycorrhizal and had better growth in non-fumigated than in the fumigated soil. This group was the most important, including 16 plant species. Stunting of plants from group I following soil fumigation was mainly attributable to the destruction of mycorrhizae. Plants from group II (oat and wheat) grew equally well in non-fumigated and fumigated soils. For these plants which were mycorrhizal in the non-fumigated plots, the P-content of the soil was sufficient for growth and therefore no stunting was observed in the absence of mycorrihizae. Plants from group III (cabbage and garden beet) grew better in fumigated then in non-fumigated soil. Their better growth in fumigated soil was tentatively attributed to the destruction of soil-borne pathogens. They did not form mycorrihizae in non-fumigated soil. A new method of calculating mycorrhizal dependency is proposed, and the value calculated was named relative field mycorrhizal dependency (RFMD) index. Is is proposed that the acronym RFMD receive a superscript representing in .mu.g/g the quantity of available P in the soil. Carrot with its characteristic root systems had the highest RFMD100 index (99.2%), but other plants with high P requirements for normal growth had a wide range of RFMD100 index values. |
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| Title: | Hydathodes in Physocarpus Rosaceae Spiraeoideae |
| Publication Title: | Canadian Journal of Botany |
| Author(s): | Lersten, N.R.; Curtis, J.D. |
| Edition: | |
| Publisher: | |
| Publication Type: | Journal/Magazine Articles |
| Volume: | 60 (6) |
| Year: | 1982 |
| Pages: | 850-855 |
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| Abstract: | The 1st anatomical study of hydathodes from subfamily Spiraeoideae was made. Fresh leaves of P. opulifolius were cleared, or processed for paraffin and plastic sections and scanning electron microscopy. Each marginal tooth apex bears an achlorophyllous hydathode, which is visible adaxially as a smooth epidermal pad studded with 15-25 small, sunken water pores usually covered by an unbroken cuticle. Ordinary stomata are larger, raised and abaxial. Internally, an epithem of small, loosely arranged cells extends from the adaxial epidermis to the laterally broadened, single vein ending. Bundle and epithem are bounded by the bundle sheath, which extends to the epidermis at the periphery of the pad. Guttation neither was present naturally nor could it be induced. Cleared leaves of herbarium specimens of the 6 Physocarpus species [P. alternans, P. amurensis, P. capitatis, P. malvaceus, P. monogynus and P. opulifolius] had all degrees of hydathode reduction to complete absence. |
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| Title: | Influence of light intensity temperature and leaf area on stomatal aperture and water potential of woody plants |
| Publication Title: | Canadian Journal of Forest Research |
| Author(s): | Pereira, J.S.; Kozlowski, T.T. |
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| Publication Type: | Journal/Magazine Articles |
| Volume: | 7 (1) |
| Year: | 1977 |
| Pages: | 145-153 |
| Document Link: | |
| Abstract: | Leaf diffusion resistance and shoot water potential of seedlings of 6 spp. of woody angiosperms [Acer saccharum, Fraxinus americana, Ulmus americana, Physocarpus opulifolius, Cornus amomum and Acer saccharinum] were studied in a 4 .times. 4 design of crossed gradients of light intensity (1507, 4306, 10,764 and 21,528 lx) and temperature (18, 22.5, 26 and 30.degree. C). In all species, leaf diffusion resistance generally increased with decreasing light intensity and increasing temperature, but the effects of light intensity were much greater. Highly significant differences on leaf diffusion resistance were found for light intensity, temperature, time of day and various interactions of these. Shoot water potential of all species decreased with increasing light intensity and temperature. Leaf resistance and water potential under light and temperature stress varied among species. Despite high leaf resistance under environmental stress, indicating rapid stomatal closure, A. saccharum with an extensive leaf area developed high shoot water deficits. Stomatal opening and closing in responses to changes in light intensity varied among 5 spp. of woody angiosperms but were not consistently correlated with species shade tolerance. |
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| Title: | Ozone susceptibility of selected wood shrubs and vines |
| Publication Title: | Plant Disease Reporter |
| Author(s): | Davis, D.D.; Coppolino, J.B. |
| Edition: | |
| Publisher: | |
| Publication Type: | Journal/Magazine Articles |
| Volume: | 60 (10) |
| Year: | 1976 |
| Pages: | 876-878 |
| Document Link: | |
| Abstract: | Thirteen species of woody shrubs and vines were exposed to 0.25 ppm ozone for 8 h at biweekly intervals throughout the 1975 growing season. A different set of plants was utilized in each biweekly exposure. The most susceptible species was staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina), followed in descending order of susceptibility by Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), Indian currant (coral berry) (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus), American elder (Sambucus canadensis), dwarf ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), autumn olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), while snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) and Morrow honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowi). The latter 3 spp. were very resistant. The most common symptom induced by ozone was a dark pigmented stipple on the upper leaf surface. The foliage of all species became increasingly resistant toward the end of the growing season. |
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| Title: | The granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI) gene in the Rosaceae: Multiple loci and phylogenetic utility |
| Publication Title: | Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |
| Author(s): | Evans, Rodger C.; Alice, Lawrence A.; Campbell, Christopher S.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Dickinson, Timothy A. |
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| Publisher: | |
| Publication Type: | Journal/Magazine Articles |
| Volume: | 17 (3) |
| Year: | 2000 |
| Pages: | 388-400 |
| Document Link: | |
| Abstract: | We sampled the 5' end of the granule-bound starch synthase gene (GBSSI or waxy) in Rosaceae, sequencing 108 clones from 18 species in 14 genera representing all four subfamilies (Amygdaloideae, Maloideae, Rosoideae, and Spiraeoideae), as well as four clones from Rhamnus catharticus (Rhamnaceae). This is the first phylogenetic study to use the 5' portion of this nuclear gene. Parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses of 941 bases from seven complete and two partial exons demonstrate the presence of two loci (GBSSI-1 and GBSSI-2) in the Rosaceae. Southern hybridization analyses with locus-specific probes confirm that all four Rosaceae subfamilies have at least two GBSSI loci, even though only one locus has been reported in all previously studied diploid flowering plants. Phylogenetic analyses also identify four clades representing four loci in the Maloideae. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from GBSSI sequences are largely compatible with those from chloroplast (cpDNA: ndhF, rbcL) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) DNA. Large clades are marked by significant intron variation: a long first intron plus no sixth intron in Maloideae GBSSI-1, a long fourth intron in Rosoideae GBSSI-1, and a GT to GC mutation in the 5' splice site of the fourth intron in all GBSSI-2 sequences. Our data do not support the long-held hypothesis that Maloideae originated from an ancient hybridization between amygdaloid and spiraeoid ancestors. Instead, Spiraeoideae genera (Kageneckia and Vauquelinia) are their closest relatives in all four GBSSI clades. |
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| Title: | The insect fauna of ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius Rosaceae |
| Publication Title: | Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |
| Author(s): | Wheeler, A.G., Jr.; Hoebeke, E.R. |
| Edition: | |
| Publisher: | |
| Publication Type: | Journal/Magazine Articles |
| Volume: | 87 (2) |
| Year: | 1985 |
| Pages: | 356-370 |
| Document Link: | |
| Abstract: | The insect fauna of ninebark, P. opulifolius (L.) Maxim., a primitive rosaceous shrub, was studied in New York and Pennsylvania [USA] during 1978-1984. Notes on phenology and habits and published records from Physocarpus are given for the specialist herbivores, for species that are potential specialists pending collection of additional data, and for those that appear to include ninebark as a preferred host. The specialists discussed are the mirids Plagiognathus punctatipes Knight and Psallus physocarpi Henry, the aphids Utamphorophora humboldti Essig and Aphis neilliae Oestlund, the chrysomelid Callihgrapha spiraeae (Say), the geometrids Eulithis molliculata (Walker) and Itame abruptata (Walker), the tortricid Ancylis spiraeifoliana (Clemens), and the torymids Megastigmus gahani Milliron and M. physocarpi Crosby. Listed in tabular form are phytophagous insects associated with ninebark, including a separate list of species that visited inflorescences for nectar or pollen; predators and any associated prey species; and parasites reared from the plant and their hosts, if known. |
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